Cyprus dodged a disorderly default and unprecedented exit from the euro currency by bowing to demands to shrink its banking system in exchange for a 10 billion-euro ($13 billion) bailout.
Cypriot President Nicos Anastasiades agreed to shut the country’s second-largest bank under pressure from a German-led bloc of creditors in a night-time negotiating melodrama that threatened to rekindle the debt crisis and rattle markets.
“It’s been yet another hard day’s night,” European Union Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn told reporters in Brussels early today. “There were no optimal solutions available, only hard choices.”
It was the second time in nine days that Cyprus struck a deal with creditors and the International Monetary Fund, capping a tumultuous week that underscored the contradictions of the crisis management that has dominated European policymaking for more than three years.
The first accord, reached March 16, fell apart three days later when the parliament in Nicosia rejected a key plank, a tax on all Cypriot bank accounts that aroused the indignation of smaller savers. Cyprus, the euro area’s third-smallest economy, is the fifth country to tap international aid since the crisis broke out in Greece in 2009.
The euro rose on news of the agreement, rising 0.3 percent to $1.3033 at 4:40 a.m. Brussels time. Stocks gained, with futures on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index adding 0.5 percent and the MSCI Asia Pacific Index climbing 1 percent.
Deal Breakthrough
The breakthrough came when Anastasiades bartered with officials including EU President Herman Van Rompuy, European Central Bank President Mario Draghi and International Monetary Fund Managing Director Christine Lagarde. It was then sealed by the finance ministers, some of whom went out to dinner while the talks were ongoing.
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With the ECB threatening to cut off emergency financing for tottering banks as soon as today, Cyprus’s leaders engineered another way of shrinking the Mediterranean island’s financial system.
The revised accord spares bank accounts below the insured limit of 100,000 euros. It imposes losses that two EU officials said would be no more than 40 percent on uninsured depositors at Bank of Cyprus Plc, the island’s largest bank, which will take over the viable assets of Cyprus Popular Bank Pcl (CPB), the second largest.
Cyprus Popular
Cyprus Popular Bank, 84 percent owned by the government, will be wound down. Those who will be largely wiped out include uninsured depositors and bondholders, including senior creditors. Senior bondholders will also contribute to the recapitalization of Bank of Cyprus.
Banks in Cyprus, which have been shut for the past week, will remain closed until further notice. Lawmakers in Cyprus voted last week to impose capital controls to prevent a run on deposits when they reopen.
“This solution we reached tonight doesn’t have the downsides that the solution of last week did,” said Dutch Finance Minister Jeroen Dijsselbloem, chairman of the euro ministers’ panel. He said the deal was beyond the range of “political possibilities” a week ago.
The Cypriot parliament won’t have to vote again because it has already passed laws on bank restructuring, officials said. On the creditors’ side, parliaments in Germany, Finland and the Netherlands may hold votes to approve loans to Cyprus from the European Stability Mechanism, the 500 billion-euro rescue fund.
Timeline
Klaus Regling, managing director of the rescue fund, said approval by creditor governments in mid-April will pave the way for the first payouts to Cyprus in early May. Lagarde said she will recommend that the IMF provide loans, without giving a figure.
“There might have been a bit of friction here and there,” Lagarde said.
The next step lies with the ECB, which needs to keep funds flowing to solvent Cypriot banks to enable them to open. While Draghi and Executive Board member Joerg Asmussen left Brussels without commenting to reporters, a statement by the ministers said the bank will channel liquidity to the Bank of Cyprus “in line with applicable rules.”
The seizure of larger deposits may spark tensions with Russia, the source of an estimated $31 billion in holdings in Cypriot banks, according to Moody’s Investors Service. A Cypriot mission to Moscow last week failed to yield an alternative to the European-sponsored bailout.
Market ‘Dislocation’
The effort to go after insured deposits, while abandoned, may have harmful repercussions, said Moody’s in a note early today. “Policy makers’ recent decisions raise the risk of deposit outflows, capital flight, increased bank and sovereign funding costs and broader financial-market dislocation throughout the euro area in the future,” Moody’s said.
In a replay of tensions over aid for Greece at the outset of the crisis, European governments had wrangled over aid for Cyprus for nine months, exposing holes in the revamped economic management system that was built in three years of emergency policymaking, often at all-night summits.
A tightening of Europe’s budget-deficit restrictions and new rules to penalize countries with unbalanced economies or asset bubbles failed to stop the rot in Cyprus, which makes up less than 0.2 percent of euro-zone output.
Demands that Cyprus prune its banks, central to tonight’s negotiations, were absent from policy prescriptions issued by the euro zone last July. Those non-binding recommendations, made with aid talks already under way, only called for better bank regulation.
“We are doing our utmost,” Anastasiades, in office for less than a month, said in a Twitter posting as the haggling got under way around lunchtime yesterday. Hundreds of protesters massed outside the floodlit presidential palace in Nicosia, one group brandishing a banner that said: “It’s capitalism, stupid.”
To contact the reporters on this story: Rebecca Christie in Brussels at rchristie4@bloomberg.net; James G. Neuger in Brussels at jneuger@bloomberg.net; Svenja O’Donnell in Brussels at sodonnell@bloomberg.net
To contact the editor responsible for this story: James Hertling at jhertling@bloomberg.net
